Brushless Motors

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Brushless Motors

Postby gac3rd » 03 Apr 2011, 15:19

This is a branch from the Programming the P&G controller thread.

JoeC wrote:I'm looking at the possibility of using Roboteq on the GB motors of INVACARE.


RoboteQ makes a controller aimed at brushless motors with Hall effect position sensors.

http://www.roboteq.com/brushless-dc-mot ... all-inputs

Is this what you had in mind?

My intention at this point is to build the mule to get the mechanics sorted out, but I would like to move to brushless motors as quickly as is reasonably feasible.

Interested in any other thoughts you may have on brushless, especially the motor / controller possibilities beyond the Invacare GB / RoboteQ.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby Burgerman » 03 Apr 2011, 15:21

The problem is that you need two. And then you need to tank steer mix them. Because that controller does one motor.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby gac3rd » 03 Apr 2011, 19:52

Understood. At this point, I don't have any conception of what the specific controller requirements are needed for the brushless motors. So just trying to get a bit smarter.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby JoeC » 03 Apr 2011, 21:20

gac3rd wrote:This is a branch from the Programming the P&G controller thread.

JoeC wrote:I'm looking at the possibility of using Roboteq on the GB motors of INVACARE.



Did I say that? From what I know now, I wouldn't expect it to work. The Invacare Gearless-Brushless motors are kind of unique. I don't know exactly how they're put together or how signals are managed, but there are things happening that are a bit more sophisticated than your average brushless motors. Based on discussions I've had with the company that built the originals (UQM) plus things I've read in patents, it appears that the motors undergo a factory calibration in order to achieve smooth response. My understanding is that imperfections in the windings and supporting structure causes fairly significant fluctuations in torque throughout a rotation. This variable torque is stored in a table in an EEPROM, which sends this data to the motor controller for use in modulating the output power to achieve smooth torque and smooth speed. There might be other tricks happening that would have to be identified and either ignored or replicated.

What I am still thinking about is using the Roboteq with the Quickie P222 (not SE) motors. These have three power wires and some number of sensor wires. I haven't had the time or workspace to really map it all out to ensure that the arrangement is compatible with the Roboteq, but I would be surprised if it isn't.

Roboteq has a dual channel version of the brushless controller, the HBL2350 - http://www.roboteq.com/brushless-dc-mot ... all-inputs

It's only 75 amps, but that's OK for my application. In sports use my wife is unable to take advantage of much over 80 amps due to traction limitations. Her present controller only does 80 amps, and it's taken careful distribution of weight (and hundreds of hours of practice by her) to minimize wheel slipping during during certain precision maneuvers. We've experimented with different tires as well, but haven't found anything practical that grips the court better and survives the miles of pavement travel to get to and from practice. A person who weighs much over 100 pounds might feel a loss from only 75 amps, but by increasing the voltage and gearing I think the chair would still have more than enough thrust for sports purposes. I wouldn't consider using this arrangement without increasing the battery voltage to at least 36 volts. Since mosfet failure isn't an issue in the same way it is for brushed motors, I would be more comfortable pushing the voltage closer the the controller's rated voltage.

If nobody noticed, my whole interest in high performance controllers is for sport use. My wife is tiny and doesn't often have the opportunity to drive through sand or mud or terribly uneven terrain, and so she doesn't ask for power improvements to her everyday chair.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby gac3rd » 04 Apr 2011, 03:45

You did not say that JoeC. shirley_hkg said it in Re: Speed and quoted you in the same post. I was going on confused memory. My apologies.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby shirley_hkg » 04 Apr 2011, 12:42

:D I am just looking and have no idea how to do it .

I've been using INVACARE chair with GB motors for 7 yrs. It seems that they are more efficient and more precise in terms of control . I love it as it goes 15 kph when freshly charged.

It has a feature called True - Track that the controller can monitor the speed of the motors . Controller will compensate the motors for external loads ; say stay straight on incline plane , get over imperfect drop curb . Traditional motors adopt similar feature alternatively : http://www.invacare.com/images/IR-Gtrac ... _Demo.html

It has a speed sensor on each motor and send data back to the controller. JoeC is right that calibration is needed whenever change of motor or controller . Lift the chair with both drive wheel off ground and via the programmer to enter calibration. It spins a few turns and store the data .

Here is newer version GB motor open up . Rotter is thhe outer rim that spin around the coils , instead of inside them.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby shirley_hkg » 04 Apr 2011, 12:46

:D

Magnets on the inner side :
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby shirley_hkg » 04 Apr 2011, 12:48

:D

The sensor :
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby shirley_hkg » 04 Apr 2011, 12:59

:D

The other side houses the brake :
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby shirley_hkg » 04 Apr 2011, 13:12

:D

Connector. 3 thick ones are power lines :
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby Burgerman » 04 Apr 2011, 14:02

That looks like a huge pile of possible problems!!!

Rather you than me.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby JoeC » 04 Apr 2011, 15:50

Thanks for posting those photos! I've never opened one before. It's amazing that these motors work as well as they do- I have to give some respect to the company for actually pulling it off. Also, with all of the rare earth magnets and large windings, you can see why they charge an arm and a leg for a replacement motor.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby gac3rd » 04 Apr 2011, 15:59

Yes. Thanks for the photos. This motor is an impressive piece of work, especially give all the constraints they operate under to get it on a wheelchair. Too bad about the corrosion.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby shirley_hkg » 18 Feb 2012, 13:19

8-)

:D :D Possibility of running over 20 mph on Invacare Direct Drive Brushless Motors . Stay tuned : http://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewto ... less+motor
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby woodygb » 18 Feb 2012, 13:39

Nice find!
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby rollingcowboy » 18 Feb 2012, 20:57

my experience with the GB has been good - but not perfect
there are 2 versions, the original - and the 2nd called the GBHD.
the GBHD are shown above. I think they are rated for 400 lbs?
I have 2 chairs that came with the GBHD - one is a TDX5 and another is an ARROW.
both came real cheap from craigs list - I have 350 dollars invested.
the ARROW is MK4 controlled, the TDX5 is MK5
I have never seen a programmer for MK4 - would like to get one.
I do have a MK6 programmer (from ebay, 150 dollars) that allows you to program every thing you need.
Including calibration.
And allowing you to select what wheel size - all the way down to 8 in dia.
I am planning to block my chair (see the Rat Chair 2 post) up, reprogram to 8 in wheel, set the speed at 100% and count the RPM.
I will report back !
would be very difficult to ue the GBHD and have a nice looking wheel.
I did mount some 16 inch x 4 tires on mine - works fine.

hope this helps

Scott
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby rollingcowboy » 19 Feb 2012, 00:29

have just measured the rpm of the GBHD motors.

First thing for me to do is correct what I have been telling you about the wheel size setting in the program.
This setting has no effect on the rpm - we now think it is for the odometer only.
(rat's - I was hoping for an easy way for more speed)

We counted 190 rpm and the tires measure 15.5 inches.

8.7 mphr
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby coolmobility » 01 Dec 2012, 06:20

Wheel size setting is only for the odometer distance traveled value.

I have had a GB controller built from scratch to supply 36V to the motors in a 4Q closed loop system where the motors "talk" to each other by Hall sensor feedback. Three power wires supply the three AC phases that brushless motors need and five fine wires supply power and feedback from the Hall sensor in each motor, so each motor mush have three high power connections, 5 low power connections and probably two wires for brake system.

Yes, more complex wiring than DC brushed motors, but less problems with gearboxes and worn/sparking brushes, but most of all, greater efficiency by far.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby woodygb » 01 Dec 2012, 10:10

Welcome to the board,

Your chairs have been mentioned a couple of times by the board.
http://www.coolmobility.com.au/Projects-wheel.htm

And this appears to be ther motor you are using.
rhttp://www.mobilityrerc.gatech.edu/fac ... 201208.pdf
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby LROBBINS » 01 Dec 2012, 13:11

No, those can't be the motors as they are brushed whereas coolmobility says that he's using brushless.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby woodygb » 01 Dec 2012, 13:23

Indeed ...I did notice ..but they seem to physically match the pictures on his site.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby coolmobility » 02 Dec 2012, 05:19

Hi, Woodygb, you were right, the Georgia Tech DC Brushed geared hub motors were used on the previous prototype No 3 but were found to be not strong enough in their internal gearbox for the rigors of power wheelchair use. I actually spent a month working a Georgia Tech, Atlanta, in 2006 on that collaboration and other projects.

Since returning from US, my own company has taken over the IP rights and obtained the granted Patents as well as beginning brushless motor/controller investigations. With one motor in a recumbent trike doing 28kph, the controller needs the top speed rpm control to be safe as that is way too fast for skid steering.

Lrobbins was also right as I'm now using Brushless motors. Since 2007 I have been testing various types and brands of gearless and geared brushless hub motors but after testing controllers we developed our own controller design that can be either closed or open loop design with full programming to match motor outputs and drive characteristics.

We are now using 52 pole hub motors and our controller can be programmed to give quite good control with a powered lock when joystick centrered (still working on best way to incorporate a power off braking system into these very cost effective hub motors) in either 16" or 18" wheel sizes. Torque is excellent with enough to 'burn rubber' continuously on cement with my 85 kg in the test frame with 16" wheels and 2" wide tires and power from just a 36V 16Ah Lithium battery. Have to build a new rear frame now to suit the new custom stub axles to resist the torque and contain the linear drive that lengthens and shortens the front wheelbase turning the mid wheel drive into a more rear wheel drive format for out-door cruising.

Power to weight ratio is the principal I'm working on where with a lighter frame, motors and battery, less power is required. By using more energy efficient brushless motors and regen braking into a battery that can store that energy, less powerful batteries are required. Note: Lead acid batteries can not adsorb very much regen braking power as their charge rate is top low but newer batteries can store that energy instead of dumping it as heat - for example, I could safely charge my 24V 20Ah NiMH batteries in less than one hour from 80% DOD (manufacturer safety data), try that with lead acid and you'll destroy them if not have them explode!

We currently have controller programmed so that full speed only possible once frame extended as is possibly too fast in shortened format for safety.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby Burgerman » 02 Dec 2012, 12:40

for example, I could safely charge my 24V 20Ah NiMH batteries in less than one hour from 80% DOD (manufacturer safety data), try that with lead acid and you'll destroy them if not have them explode!


I love lithiums. And am using them in many things, as well as the 45v 3k watt hour hi rate pack in my powerchair. But the above isnt actually correct.

The lead acid batteries are charged at CV and in many cases at no amp limit at all. I charge my lead chairs straight from my vans alternator at 100 amps. And odyssey specify no inrush current limit, and quote a 95 percent charged from 100 percent DOD in under 1 hour.

EG http://www.wheelchairdriver.com/faster- ... arging.htm

My lithium pack can be charged at 360 amps and 47v (5C) if you could find a power outlet that doesent melt!
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby soutthpaw » 04 Dec 2012, 18:42

I know for RC hobby brushless motors there is hand wound and machine wound, Hand wound being more expensive under the argument that they are laid neater and in rows like a spool of cable rather than overlapping each other in a random lay pattern as can be seen in the pics of the motors posted here. That probably has some effect of the stability of the brushless motor
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby nandol » 04 Dec 2012, 22:38

about motors...what kind of motors are those ?

http://www.ebay.de/itm/ELEKTRO-ROLLSTUH ... 4886833%26

obrigado
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby Burgerman » 04 Dec 2012, 23:40

Brushless. Direct drive. Hub.
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Re: Brushless Motors

Postby woodygb » 06 Feb 2013, 10:28

Either 4 or 2 esc's and a decent transmitter than can mix the channels.
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